A Treaty of Peace between the French Republic (on the one Part); and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (on the other Part), in short, the Peace of Calais.
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the First Consul of the French Republic, being equally animated with a desire to put an end to the calamities of war, have laid the foundation of peace, by these articles, which were signed the First of January 1801 in Calais.
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland has named as plenipotentiary the Marquis Cornwallis, knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, one of His Majesty's Privy Council, &c &c. The First Consul of the French Republic, in the name of the French people, has named as plenipotentiary the citizen Joseph Buonaparte, counsellor of state.
In the interests of ensuring Peace and Good Understanding between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the French Republic, the following Articles have been agreed:
I. Both sides will implement an immediate cessation of hostilities. There shall be peace, friendship, and good understanding between the French Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The contracting parties shall use their utmost efforts to preserve a perfect harmony between their respective countries, without permitting any act of hostility whatever by sea or by land.
II. All the prisoners made on one side and the other, as well by land as by sea, and the hostages carried off, or delivered up during the war, and up to the present day, shall be restored without ransom in six weeks at the latest, to be reckoned from the day when the ratifications of the present treaty are exchanged, and on paying the debts which they shall have contracted during their captivity. Each of the contracting parties shall respectively discharge the advances which shall have been made by any of the contracting parties, for the support and maintenance of prisoners in the countries where they have been detained.
III. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland recognises the legitimacy of the French Republic, and hereby re-establishes full and friendly Amity and Diplomatic Relations with said Republic. The United Kingdom will cease supporting the claim of Louis Stanislas Xavier of the House of Bourbon, styled as Count of Provence and commonly referred to as Louis XVIII, to the throne of France. The ambassadors, ministers, and other agents of the contracting powers, shall enjoy respectively in the states of the said powers the same rank, privileges, prerogative, and immunities, which were enjoyed before the war by agents of the same class.
IV. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland will recognise, restore relations with and exchange Ambassadors with the Batavian Republic, Helvetic Republic and Italian Republic. A cessation of hostilities with these named parties is to enter into effect immediately. Treaties of Peace will be made with these Nations as soon as is practical, along similar terms of Amity and Free Trade. The ambassadors, ministers, and other agents of the contracting powers, shall enjoy respectively in the states of the said powers the same rank, privileges, prerogative, and immunities, which were enjoyed before the war by agents of the same class. The Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Prussia shall also be permitted to make peace with Great Britain.
V. Neither the French Republic nor the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland shall make any Policy, Edict or Law that restricts the freedom of Commerce and Trade with one another. British ships shall be welcomed in French ports, to carry out any Lawful Business, and vice versa, French ships shall be welcomed in British ports to carry out any Lawful Business. All the sequestrations laid on either side on funds, revenues, and credits, of what nature soever they may be, belonging to any of the contracting powers, or to their citizens or subjects, shall be taken off immediately after the signature of this definitive treaty. The decision of all chains among the individuals of the respective nations, for debts, property, effects, or rights, of any nature whatsoever, which should, according to received usages, and the law of nations, shall be referred to the competent tribunals: in all those cases speedy and complete justice shall be done in the countries wherein those claims shall be respectively preferred.
VI. The government and territory of the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, commonly known as the Electorate of Hanover, is to be restored to its rightful ruler, his Majesty, the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Act of Rectification to be nullified and declared void. The remains from all tombs and graves that were disturbed by the occupying forces shall be returned respectfully to their rightful places. French troops shall make an orderly withdrawal no later than the First of March 1801.
VII. Neither the French Republic nor the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland shall interfere in the affairs of one another's Territories nor Spheres of Influence, nor make war against one another's Allies. They shall carefully avoid every Thing which might for the future disturb the happy union now re-established between them. In addition to the Lands, Colonies and Territories of France, there shall be no interference by Great Britain in the Batavian Republic, Helvetic Republic or Italian Republic. In addition to the Lands, Colonies and Territories of Great Britain (including Hanover), there shall be no interference by France in Portugal, Sicily, or the Indies.
VIII. The City of Rome is affirmed and recognised as the right territory of the Papal State, and the status of the French Republic as the protector of the Papal State similarly recognised. It is understood that French troops will withdraw from occupying Foreign Positions, excluding those within the aforementioned Batavian Republic, Helvetic Republic and Italian Republic. The presence and authority of the Italian Republic in Naples and the surrounds is recognised.
IX. In accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants, the islands of Malta, Gozo and Comino are to remain a self-governing Maltese territory, under the protection of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The ports of Malta shall be opened to the commerce and the navigation of all other nations, who shall there pay equal and moderate duties. At least one half of the garrison shall always be composed of native Maltese.The Maltese troops shall have Maltese officers. The states of Barbary are excepted from the conditions of the preceding paragraphs, until, by means of an arrangement to be procured by the contracting parties, the present hostilities which exist versus the states of Barbary shall have ceased.
X. In compensation for the looting, sack and rapine experienced in Hanover, all colonies and territories of the French Republic currently under the occupation of the forces of His Britannic Majesty, including Trinidad and Tobago, the Antilles, Île de la Réunion and Île de France, shall be ceded to and recognised, in full title, deed, property and sovereignty in perpetuity, as the territory of His Britannic Majesty in all lawful right. The rights of the French subjects in these colonies and territories shall be maintained under the existing system of Privileged Neutrality, keeping their lands so long as they obey the law.
XI. This compensation shall be applied in lieu of the properties in the various former domains of the House of Bourbon, including France and Naples, and the branch of the House of Nassau which was established in the ci-devant Republic of the United Provinces, now the Batavian Republic, with respect to private property as by the change of constitution adopted in those countries, an equivalent compensation settlement shall be procured by Great Britain out of the profits from these colonies and territories for the personal losses of property which these Houses have sustained.
XII. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland recognises the French colony of Saint-Domingue, and affirms that matters concluding the territorial disputes on the island of Hispaniola are to come under the purview of future discussions and agreements between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Spain, without the involvement of Great Britain. His Britannic Majesty will cease support for the forces of Rigaud.
XIII.The boundaries of French and Portuguese Guiana are to be guaranteed, and fixed by the River Arrowary, which empties itself into the ocean above Cape North, near the islands Nuovo and Penetentia, about a degree and a third of north latitude. These boundaries shall run along the river Arrowary, from its mouth, the most distant from Cape North, to its source, and afterwards on a right line, drawn from that source, to the Rio Brunco, towards the west. In consequence, the northern bank of the River Arrowary, from its said mouth to its source, and the territories that lie to the north of the line of boundaries laid down as above, shall belong in full sovereignty to the French Republic. The southern bank of the said river, from the same mouth, and all the territories to the south of the said line, shall belong to Portugal. The navigation of the River Arrowary, along the whole of its course, shall be common to both nations.
XIV.To prevent all grounds of complaint and disputes which might arise on account of Captures which may have been made at Sea subsequent to the signing of the Treaty, is reciprocally agreed that the ships and property which may have been taken in the English Channel, and in the North Sea, after a space of twelve days, reckoning from the exchange of the ratifications of the Articles, shall be restored on the one side and the other; that the term shall be one month for the space, from the English Channel and the North Seas, as far as the Canary Islands inclusively, as well in the ocean as in the Mediterranean; two months from the Canary Islands to the equator; and, finally six months in all other parts of the world, without any further exceptions or distinction of time or place.
XV. The present treaty shall be ratified by the contracting parties, as soon as possible, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in due form in Paris and London.
In testimony whereof, we, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, have signed with our hands, and in virtue of our respective full powers, the present definitive treaty, causing it to be sealed with our respective seals.
