Excerpt from the Libyan National Anthem wrote:
God is greatest! God is greatest!
Say With Me, Woe To The Colonialist
And God is Over The Invader Egotist,
God is the Greatest, My Country Say with Me:
And Behold of Enemies Forelock and Destroy it
Say it with me, say it with me:
God, God, God is the Greatest
God is above any attacker!
ProfesoraDinoToday at 4:44 PM
not into Gesar anymore
he's never who u want him to be
HuojinToday at 5:07 PM
this is Gesar World
[5:07 PM]
we're just living in it
CULTURAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBYA
Delhi
The Republic of INDIA and The Arab Republic of LIBYA
INSPIRED by a common desire to establish and develop closer cultural relations and
DESIROUS of promoting and developing in every possible manner such relations and understanding between India and Libya, specially in the realm of culture, art,science, technology and education,
HAVE DECIDED to conclude an Agreement for cultural, scientific and technical cooperation and for that purpose, have nominated their respective plenipotentiaries i.e.
For the Government of of Republic of India : Ambassador of India
For the Government of the Republic of Libya: Minister of Foreign Affairs
WHO, after having exchanged their credentials and found them in good and due form
HAVE agreed as follows :
Article 1
The Contracting Parties shall facilitate and encourage cooperation between universities and other institutions of higher education, technical, artistic, secondary and teachers training schools, scientific and artistic associations, academies, museums and libraries in the two countries.
Article 2
The Contracting Parties shall exchange university professors and teachers in higher educational institutions and members of scientific bodies.
Article 3
The Contracting Parties undertake to encourage exchange of books, magazines and publications of literary, artistic, cultural, educational and scientific nature between universities, academies, libraries and other educational, scientific and cultural organisations.
Article 4
Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to step up the exchange of scholarships to enable the nationals of either country to pursue their studies or research work and to complete their scientific, educational, technical and artistic training in the other country.
Article 5
Each Contracting Parties shall examine on what conditions and to what extent the equivalence of diplomas and academic grades and other certificates obtained in the territory of the other Party can be recognized.
In addition, the Parties shall examine to what extent partial equivalence can be accorded to studies undertaken in the other Party's territory.
Article 6
The Contracting Parties shall encourage the reciprocal visits of professors, educationists, writers, artists and other experts for study tours, delivering lectures and participation in conferences, congresses, seminars and important cultural and artistic events.
Article 7
The Contracting Parties shall afford in their respective countries all possible facilities to scientists, research workers and scientific and educational delegations from the other Contracting Party in order to help them in their studies and researches, particularly by giving them access to educational institutions, pedagogic institutes, laboratories, libraries, archieves and museums.
Article 8
The Contracting Parties shall encourage dissemination of knowledge of each other's culture through radio, press, television films and similar other channels of mass media.
Article 9
The Contracting Parties shall grant each other necessary assistance for the organisation in their respective countries of concerts, ballet, theatrical, performances, art, scientific and technical exhibitions by the other Party.
Article 10
The Contracting Parties shall encourage cooperation between their recognised youth organisations and the organisations for adult education. They will facilitate exchanges in the field of physical education and sports.
Article 11
The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through all means in their power and subject to the laws in each country to ensure that text-books do not contain any misrepresentation about the country of the other Party.
Article 12
The Contracting Parties shall encourage the translation, publication and diffusion of scientific, technical, artistic and literary works of authors of the other Party. They shall facilitate the publication, in their own specialised reviews of articles of scientific and cultural nature dealing with the other party.
Article 13
Each Contracting Party shall welcome the creation of cultural institutes for educational and cultural purposes on its territory subject to the laws and regulations in force.
Article 14
The Contracting Parties shall encourage initiatives undertaken to develop tourism between the two countries with a view to promoting better understanding between them and strengthen their friendship.
Article 15
For the fulfillment of the objective of the present Agreement, a permanent Indo-LibyanCommission consisting of ten members shall be constituted.
The five Libyan members of the Permanent Commission shall be nominated by the Ministers in charge of National Education and Culture with the concurrence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. The five Members shall be appointed by the Government of India.
The Permanent Commission shall meet at least once every two years, alternatively in India and Libya.
The objects of the Commission will be :
To keep under periodical review the working of the Agreement;
To advise the Governments on the detailed manner of carrying out the Agreement;
To formulate cultural, scientific and educational exchange programmes and reviewing their progress;
To recommend to the Party concerned any items of interest to either Party in the fields within the scope of the Agreement; and
Generally to advise the Government concerned as to the manner in which the working of the Agreement may be improved upon.
The Permanent Commission may invite experts to attend its meetings in an advisory capacity.
Article 16
The present Agreement shall come into force on the date of exchange of the instruments of ratification, to take place at New Delhi and shall remain in force until the expiry of six months from the date on which either of the Contracting Parties shall give notice in writing to its intention to terminate the Agreement.
In case of termination, the position enjoyed by various beneficiaries shall continue till the end of the year then running and in the case of scholars, till the end of the academic year then running.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Plenipotentiaries authorised, therefore, have signed the present Agreement and affixed their seals thereon.
Done in Hindi, Arabic and English, all texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence in interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tombalbaye wrote:Liberalization continued in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Following the 1969 presidential elections, in which Tombalbaye ran unopposed, some 600 political prisoners were released, including a number of prominent Muslims. In April 1971, Tombalbaye, addressing the Seventh Congress of the PPT, admitted for the first time that he had made mistakes and that there were some shortcomings associated with his policies. He promised a campaign of national reconciliation, and a few weeks later he formed a government that included a greater proportion of Muslims and northerners. In June Tombalbaye freed another 1,500 political prisoners and toured rebel regions in the north, where he promised, among other things, government-subsidized salt and sugar for the nomads of Zouar and Bardaï.
These reforms and French assistance contributed to the relative calm of 1970 and 1971. French military forces provided extensive and effective assistance in containing rebellious activities in central Chad. By June 1971, overt rebellion had been reduced for the most part to isolated pockets in the Tibesti region. The French government, under domestic pressure, began to withdraw its forces from Chad.
Chadian-Libyan-Cuban Aid Agreement
To adequately supply the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture (Préfecture du Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti), estimated to hold a population of 60,000 Chadian citizens of a primarily pastoral and/or nomadic nature, with the necessities of life, the following agreement has been concluded between the Republic of Chad, the Libyan Arab Republic, and the Republic of Cuba.
- The Republic of Cuba will, on an annual basis, ship no less than 300,000 kilos (300 metric tons) of refined sugar to the Republic of Chad, via the Port of Tripoli, which shall be paid for by the Libyan Arab Republic in petroleum, at a rate equal to 20 United States Cents per kilo of sugar, going by current oil prices. This corresponds to roughly 5 kilos of refined sugar for every inhabitant of the Tibesti Mountains region per year.
- The Libyan Arab Republic will, on an annual basis, ship no less than 100,000 kilos (100 metric tons) of salt fit for human consumption to the Republic of Chad, as well as 200,000 (200 metric tons) of salt fit for usage as agricultural mineral nutrients, all produced in the salt pans of Northern Libya and the saltworks at Benghazi, free of charge. This corresponds to roughly 1.7 kilos of salt for every inhabitant of the Tibesti Mountains region per year, and 3.3 kilos of salt to be used for livestock consumption for every inhabitant of the same per year.
- The division of these resources among the populace of the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture will be managed locally in the towns of Zouar, Bardaï, Bahaï, Fada, and Faya-Largeau, by the Ministry of Finance alongside local Chadian Progressive Party authorities. Any yearly leftover products shall be divided within Chad, or sold/auctioned off by the Chadian Government, as seen fit. The Republic of Chad shall not be seen as indebted to the Libyan Arab Republic due to these efforts, which beyond their humanitarian grounds are aimed to increase productivity in regards to the future Chadian-Libyan joint venture mining projects.
- A joint Chadian-Libyan inter-parliamentary committee will be formed, to oversee the export process and ensure that no financial corruption or other mismanagement takes place, in the Republic of Chad or in the Libyan Arab Republic. The committee will also serve to manage ore surveying in the Aouzou Strip, and also to facilitate future talks on the import to Libya of Chadian cattle and cotton, and the import to Chad of Libyan oil and machinery, in addition to drought prevention. The Republic of Cuba, noted for its struggle against domestic corruption and being a non-party to the traditional Muslim-Christian and Arab-African conflicts of Northern Africa, may appoint a civil servant to act as a mediator and observer within the committee. Observer status shall also be open to other applicants.
- This agreement shall last from 1 August 1971 and for two years onward, after which it may be renewed with the consent of all signatories.
Chadian-Libyan Scientific Agreement
- In promotion of the ideal of reconciliation between divided peoples (and as the logical conclusion of Chancellor Willy Brandt's Neue Ostpolitik), the German geomorphological research station at Bardaï in the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture, established in 1965 by the Free University of Berlin, shall become a condominium between the Free University and its German Democratic Republic counterpart, the Humboldt University of Berlin, to promote scientific cooperation and understanding on a non-state basis, on orders of His Excellency the President of Chad.
- A civilian research team from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Libya will be deployed from Tripoli to the Soborom Hot Springs near the Taso Voôn Volcano in the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture, commonly used by the Toubou people and other Saharan nomads to treat diseases such as dermatitis and rheumatism, to investigate their possible medical and therapeutic applications by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Chad.
- The West African Crocodile (Crocodylus suchus), the hugely rare reptile made even more rare by its almost uniquely Chadian state of dwarfism, extant only in the Ennedi Plateau of the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture, shall be the subject of a joint conservationist project between the University of Libya and the University of Chad, the first such ever established by the UOC (Est. 1971). The project, funded by the Libyan Arab Republic, will be staffed by Chadian naturalists and students.
- The game wardens of the the Fada Archei Faunal Reserve (Est. 1967), located in the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture, which has been at risk due to the previously widespread civil strife in Chad, will receive a donation of 50 SKS semi-automatic rifles and the associated ammunition from the Libyan Armed Forces, to aid in their activities against illegal poachers. The Faunal Reserve contains endangered species such as the West African Lion (Panthera leo senegalensis), the Northeast African Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii), the White Antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) the Barbary Sheep (Ammotragus lervia) and the Dorcas Gazelle (Gazella dorcas).
- The Natural History Museum of Tripoli shall loan out to the Chad National Museum in Fort-Lamy (Est. 1962) an assortment of taxidermied animals and dried plants, which will be used to establish the first Chadian natural history exhibit, showcasing the flora and fauna of the Trans-Sahelian and Trans-Saharan bioregions.
Huojin wrote: ↑20:47:46 Saturday, 03 February, 2018
REPUBLIC OF CHAD
No matter how enthusiastically we might wish to assist in the process of reconciliation between East and West Germany, and therefore revise the relationship between the Chadian state and the West German research station at Bardaï, we feel it best to leave such measures to their inter-German discussions and relations. However, if Libya is content to accept instead the strong recommendation and assistance of the Chadian government to the relevant institutions and governments, we may consider this treaty also as agreed to.
